Alcohol Impact on the Fetal Development Free Essays

Liquor Impact on the Fetal Development Every year, in the United States of America, between 1000 to 6000 kids are brought into the world with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), that is viewed as an enormous number. (â€Å"Drinking liquor during pregnancy,† 2008). Pregnancy is an essential time for the embryo. We will compose a custom paper test on Liquor Impact on the Fetal Development or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Ladies need to deal with the hatchling by resting, eating a fair and diet nutritious and playing out some physical exercise. On the planet, there are numerous things that can affect the embryo that ladies don't know about and moms ought to be mindful. Liquor is one of them, eager moms ought not drink liquor during pregnancy. The motivation behind this examination is to clarify and talk about the injurious impacts of liquor on the fetal advancement during pregnancy. At the point when, Where, How They Discover that Alcohol Has Effect on the Fetus In 1968, a man from France perceived that drinking liquor during pregnancy may cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), name was Lemoin. In 1973 in the United States of America, James and Smith proceeded with the exploration about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome FAS. They referenced that (FAS) influence the embryo development and cause terrible outcome to the hatchling when being conceived (Caleekal, 1989). The researcher found Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in certain kids whose mother drank liquor during pregnancy before 30 years. Around then, they made FAS about alcohol’s impacts on the hatchling. (NIAAA, 2000). Luckily, nowadays with progresses in medication, researchers find numerous things affecting the fetal turn of events. Numerous ladies feel that drinking liquor during pregnancy is certainly not a serious deal. In any case, contingent upon some examination, it isn't just a serious deal yet a significant issue that will influence the hatchling and will make FAS be in embryo. Maladies and Disorders of Drinking Alcohol During Pregnancy The Fetus’s food originate from what the mother devoured either awful or great. Ladies ought not drink any sorts of liquor during pregnancy or when they are wanting to become pregnant in light of the fact that the ladies may be pregnant and they don't perceive that for a couple of days. This circumstance is going on in the United States of America consistently to numerous ladies. Roughly half of pregnancies are impromptu. Drinking liquor during pregnancy may cause FAS. Ladies can shield their kids from Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) totally by halting liquor use during pregnancy (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010). FAS causes numerous significant issues and infections in the baby, for example, mental impediment, issues on the heart, powerless development of the embryo, challenges of comprehension and issues in the mind. The moms ought to never drink liquor during their pregnancies, in any event the three months of first trimester in light of the fact that these are a hazardous and touchy time for the embryo. Be that as it may, not all the youngsters whose moms devour liquor will create birth abandons. Here and there, it influences their conduct and their lives will be hard for them. Different impacts of FAS are Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBDs) and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARNDs). ARBDs are the physical issues in the baby, for example, coronary illness, eyes sicknesses or organs issues. ARNDs are the learning issues and troubles in the hatchling, for example, challenges of understanding or short memory. There is no medication or treatment for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (â€Å"Drinking liquor during pregnancy,† 2008). A few analysts found that drinking liquor during pregnancy may cause premature birth or untimely birth the embryo before the particular time and some of the time kill the baby. The likelihood of causing illnesses relies upon the measure of drinking (â€Å"Drinking liquor during pregnancy,† 2008). As indicated by Henry and Lyn (1984), devouring liquor during pregnancy may prompt rashness. They watched drinking in excess of seven beverages every week during pregnancy may cause preterm conveyance. Likewise, liquor maltreatment during pregnancy is related with diminished birth weight and neurological consequences for babies. The most effective method to refer to Alcohol Impact on the Fetal Development, Essay models

Understanding Arrays in PHP

Understanding Arrays in PHP An exhibit is a fundamental course of action of articles. Murmur, I'm not catching this' meaning? Well in programming an exhibit is a sort of information structure. Each cluster can hold a few snippets of data. It’s similar to a variable in that it stores information, yet not in the slightest degree like a variable in that as opposed to putting away the slightest bit of data it can store numerous snippets of data. Let’s start with a model. Let’s state that you are putting away data about individuals. You could have a variable that put away my name â€Å"Angela†. Be that as it may, in a cluster, you could store my name, my age, my tallness, my In this example code, we will take a gander at putting away two bits of data one after another, the first being somebody’s name and the second being their preferred shading. ?php $friend[0] Kevin; $friend[1] Bradley†; $friend[2] Alexa; $friend[3] Devin; $color[Kevin] â€Å"Teal†; $color[Bradley] â€Å"Red†; $color[Alexa] â€Å"Pink†; $color[Devin] â€Å"Red†; print My companions names are . $friend[0] . , . $friend[1] . , . $friend[2] . , and . $friend[3]; print p; print Alexa ‘s most loved shading is . $color[Alexa] . .; ? In this model code, you can see that the companion cluster is arranged by number, and contains a rundown of companions. In the subsequent exhibit, shading, rather than utilizing numbers it utilizes strings to distinguish the various bits of data. The identifier used to recover information from the cluster is called it’s key. In our first model, the keys were numbers 0, 1, 2, and 3. In our subsequent model, the keys were strings. In the two cases, we can get to the information held in the cluster by utilizing both the array’s name, and the key. Like factors, clusters consistently start with a dollar sign ($array) and they are case touchy. They can not begin with an underscore or a number, you should begin them with a letter. In this way, to lay it out plainly, an exhibit is somewhat similar to a variable with loads of little factors within it. Be that as it may, what precisely do you do with a cluster? What's more, how is it helpful to you as a PHP software engineer? Practically speaking, you will most likely never make a cluster like the one in the model above. The most valuable thing you can do with an exhibit in PHP is to utilize it to hold data you get structure elsewhere. Having your sites data put away in a MySQL database isn't extraordinary. At the point when your site needs certain data it essentially gets to your database, and wha-laa, on request information. Let’s state you have a database of individuals who live in your city. You presently need to look through that database and print out records for anybody named â€Å"Tom†. How might you approach doing this? You would peruse the database for individuals named Tom, and afterward pull their name and the various data about them from the database, and spot it in an exhibit within your program. You are then ready to spin through this cluster, and print out the data or store it to utilize somewhere else in your program. By all accounts, a cluster probably won't look that intriguing to you, yet when you accomplish additionally programming and begin putting away progressively complex information structures you will discover you are regularly thinking of them to exhibits when they should be utilized.

Payday Loans in Texas How to Avoid Predatory Loans in the Lone Star State - OppLoans

Payday Loans in Texas How to Avoid Predatory Loans in the Lone Star State - OppLoans Payday Loans in Texas: How to Avoid Predatory Loans in the Lone Star State Payday Loans in Texas: How to Avoid Predatory Loans in the Lone Star StateInside Subprime: Nov 29, 2018By Lindsay FrankelThough poverty rates have been declining in Texas, 14.7 percent of Texans still live in poverty, and four percent are unemployed. Texans who are struggling to pay their bills need access to credit, and those turned down by traditional banks may consider payday loans. These short-term, small-dollar loans provide quick cash to people with bad credit, but these pricey loans are one of the riskiest options for borrowing money. Payday loans in Texas carry an average annual interest rate of 454 percent, and the state does little to protect borrowers from ending up buried in debt.What laws protect consumers from payday loans in Texas?Beyond collecting data and requiring licensing and legal disclosures, Texas does nothing to regulate payday loans. Payday loan and title loan providers in Texas have found their way around usury protections by registering as Credit Access Bus inesses, which are unregulated. While some cities in Texas have ordinances that limit payday lending, the state does not cap interest rates, and lenders can charge whatever they wish. Payday loan firms run rampant in Texas; there are more than twice as many payday lending storefronts as there are McDonald’s restaurants.What other resources are available in Texas?Payday loans are often advertised as emergency solutions, but most people use them to cover basic living expenses.  An unexpected setback can make it even more difficult to make ends meet, which is why planning ahead with a savings account is one of the best ways to avoid a payday loan.Healthcare emergencies can be some of the most costly, so if you don’t currently have health insurance, check to see if you are eligible for financial assistance from Texas Medicaid. There are also plenty of free and sliding-scale health clinics located across the state, which you can visit if you need care right away.You can also get assi stance finding affordable housing, get help with your utility bills, or obtain rent assistance if you are eligible. If you are struggling to put food on the table, check to see if you qualify for the state’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which helps low-income families cover the cost of food.What are some alternatives to payday loans in Texas?If you can’t reach out to family and friends for help, your employer may be able to offer a one-time advance in the case of an emergency. It’s also worth talking to banks or credit unions to see if you can secure a lower-cost loan. If a no credit check loan is your only option, consider an installment loan that will help you to build your credit. These loans have lower interest rates and are supported by great customer service, so you can avoid the exorbitant fees and abusive collection practices associated with payday lenders.Once you get back on your feet, you’ll want to secure additional income and set up a saving s plan to avoid future gaps in income. Setting aside money for your future will help you avoid debt, so you can put your money to good use instead of spending it on payday loan fees.For more information, check out our guide to payday loans in Texas.For more information on payday loans, scams, and  cash advances  and  title loans, check out all of our Financial Resource Guides, including  Texas  including  Arlington,  Austin,  Dallas,  El Paso,  Fort Worth,  Houston,  Irving,  Killeen,  McAllen,  Plano,  Round Rock,  San Antonio,  Tyler, and  Waco.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Recruiting And Staffing Top Quality Employees - 842 Words

Recruiting and staffing top quality employees can increase organizational effectiveness, productivity, and customer satisfaction. As a result, organizations that want to achieve its recruiting and staffing goals should incorporate practices that are legal, ethical, and encourages diversity. Abiding employment laws, developing a code of ethics, and encouraging different perspectives can also play a major role in employees’ contentedness with their employer. Therefore, it is important for employers to properly communicate to their employees that its organization is diverse, lawful and unbiased. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright (2015) defined Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) as laws that prohibit specific types of job discrimination in the workplace involving individuals’ of their race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. It is imperative that all regulatory compliances are met when recruiting because if unlawful staffing practices are conducte d it can lead to discrimination lawsuits and unwanted penalties which can be costly and detrimental to an organization’s reputation. Organizations should make it known on its job postings that it follows EEO laws – this makes them accountable to uphold EEO laws as well as make job seekers aware of their rights. Job seekers and employees should be able to determine if they were discriminated against so that they can take the necessary actions to seek justice. Besides it being unlawful to discriminate, it canShow MoreRelatedRecruiting Methods For The Different Regions Of Tanglewood1090 Words   |  5 PagesThere are a various amount of recruiting methods for the different regions of Tanglewood. It is imperative that Tanglewood consider improving their methods so that the company’s operation overall with excel. A certainty for improvement is to inspect the recruitment procedures and address encounters current and experienced employees may have. Creating guidelines for Tanglewood’s recruiting process and giving further evaluation to the current recruiting processes, Tanglewood will become an organizationRead MoreStrategic Staffing Chapters 1-6851 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 1 - Why is staffing important? - Staffing for competitive advantage – employees affect the CA Staffing therefore plays a central role in creating and enhancing any organization’s competitive advantage - What is strategic staffing? Future-oriented and goal-directed ways, support business strategy and enhance organizational effectiveness. Into, thru, out. - Traditional staffing: reactive, no improvement; Strategic – aligned - Seven components of strategic staffing: workforce planningRead MoreDavita Dialysis1281 Words   |  6 PagesDevita Dialysis ‘Overhauls† Recruiting Department Jessie Hammond September 30, 2010 Devita Dialysis ‘Overhauls† Recruiting Department Recruiting new employees is one of the biggest challenges health care organizations face today. The total population of RNs available for staffing is rising at the slowest pace of the last 20 years (Keller, Siela, Twibell, 2009). Healthcare facilities across the nation are struggling to meet the staffing requirements to stay afloat and provide adequateRead MoreOrganizational Strategy For A Successful Business1408 Words   |  6 Pagesis imperative that managers develop the right mix of objectives and personnel if they want to have a fighting chance to survive in today’s global economy. An up-and-coming business starts with strategic, operational and tactical plans developed by top executives and other managers. These plans define what the company will accomplish and how they are going to achieve it. Effective leaders know a plan is only as strong as the people they have to do the work. Bosses cannot be the worker, front-lineRead MoreEmployee Recruitment And Selection Pro cess1453 Words   |  6 Pages yet not much is being done for them. In an environment where lives are in the stake of others, the healthcare staffing is unstable. It’s almost as if there is a revolving door, employees are constantly leave yet, the number of patients needs are increasing. So now, hospitals are trying to focus on their effcienys and effictivess of their hiring processes. BODY: recruitment A. quality quantity of applicants B. overall recruitment costs C. Diversity of applicants D. Recruitment time frame BODY:Read MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr )1655 Words   |  7 Pages benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performance management and compensation, employee benefits, recruitment and staffing and employee rights and safety. In spite of the turbulent environment facing the healthcare industry today, my organizationRead MoreTanglewood 3 Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Tanglewood Case Study 3: Recruiting 1. Recruitment Guide for Store Associates Position: Store Associate Reports to: Shift Leaders, Department Managers, Store Manager, and Regional Manager Qualifications: All are welcome to apply *Having a basic knowledge of retail and customer service principles is a plus Relevant labor market: Washington and Oregon Timeline: None- continuous recruiting Activities to undertake to source well-qualified candidates: Local newspapers, radio, television Read Moreswot analysis of aerotek1217 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Aerotek, headquartered in Hanover, Md., is a leading provider of technical, professional and industrial staffing services. Established in 1983, Aerotek is an operating company of Allegis Group, the largest provider of staffing services in the U.S. Aerotek operates a network of more than 200 non-franchised offices throughout the U.S., Canada and Europe. SWOT analysis provides a structure for analyzing either your own strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats you faceRead MoreEmployment and Staffing Plan757 Words   |  4 PagesStaffing Plan Paper MGT/431 December 3, 2006 Staffing Plan Paper Intro Staffing is one of the most important things that an organization can do to bring success to the company. Without experienced manpower there are no completed tasks, or quality customer service. If a company hopes to hire qualified individuals, they must be aggressive, and plan a head in order to know the staffing needs of the organization. Body Before we can begin the staffing plan process, we must firstRead MoreHow Strategic Management Plan And The Human Resource Planning Process1410 Words   |  6 Pagesobjective. The strategy behind the approaches correlation is what leads to actually implementing and providing data to analyze on an ongoing basis to enhance the strategic plan of the organization. The relationship between the eight elements of the staffing process and the human resource planning process helps to determine where there may be a problem and what is needed to bring about a long-term solution. Another approach connected to the human resource planning activities is the organization‘s strategic

Gun Rights And Gun Control - 994 Words

In recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial issue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social service center, killing 14 people and injuring 21 people that turned the national spotlight on the debate on Gun Rights vs. Gun Control. Gun murder cases are increased in the US and the high rate of gun-related violence needed the gun control laws. This paper critically evaluates of the controversial issue related to criminal justice, so for this paper selects the topic of Gun Rights vs. Gun Control. Gun Rights vs. Gun Control The gun rights and gun control debate start in 2013, after a lone gunman killed around 27 people, including 20 children, six adults and himself at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. In gun violence and ownership, the US leads the world that is directly correlated to the made in the gun control debate-guns kill people. On the base of study, the American Journal of Public Health stated that people those were homicide victims in the US were around 68% killed with handguns between 1988 and 1997 (Laws.com, 2015). In addition, this report also expressed thatShow MoreRelatedGun Rights And Gun Control1405 Words   |  6 PagesGuns right now in the nation of the United States of America are at the center of a heated debate on how they should be handled. With Civilians and politicians alike arguing over how they should be regulated we have many arguments for the pros and cons of both sides. Gun control is now one of the most talked about subject in the country due to the vast amount of mass murders and school shootings that have been taken place in recent years. However, even with all this gun violence taken place it seemsRead MoreGun Control Gun Rights873 Words   |  4 PagesStates have gun control or gun rights? This is a question many people ask and argue over. As a citizen of this country, I would like to examine both sides of the argument and then pick my view on the topic. As of right now, the United States have more gun rights than gun control. However, there have been laws made to regul ate the sale and possession of guns. Many anti-gun activists argue that the NRA (National Rifle Association) is the cause of many of the horrific events involving guns. On the otherRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control1775 Words   |  8 PagesSince the very beginning of the United States, gun rights and gun control have comprised one the most controversial debates of the county. On one hand gun rights advocates believe that the right to bear arms is a basic human that should not be in any way violated, and on the other hand gun control advocates have long been thriving for a complete ban of guns. The debate has grown over time from reasonable arguments for gun rights and regulations to an ideologically polarized and extreme argument,Read MoreGun Rights And Gun Control1842 Words   |  8 PagesConstitution protects the rights of individuals, concerning the right to bear arms. Amendment II was adopted on December 15th, 1791. Gun rights and gun control groups alike have been lobbying Congress for decades to craft legislation in their respective favors. Twice in the past two years the gun issue has reached the nation’s highest court. In the 2008 Supreme Court case District of Columbia vs. Heller the court ruled that the Constitution protects an individual’s right to own a gun for personal use (BlocherRead MoreGun Control And Gun Rights Essay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesabortion, discrimination, racism, gun control and gun rights. Guns have been a hotly debated topic for decades now. There are many different reasons for why it is such a prevalent issue such as, safety, constitutional rights, self defense, mental health, and many more. The two sides of gun control and gun rights see the social issue differently. One side views guns as a safety hazard that needs to be fixed, and the pro gun side view that guns are a Constitutional right that should not be infringed.Read MoreGun Control Versus Gun Rights1645 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Gun Control versus Gun Rights Gun control is a controversial topic that is widely discussed in the United States. The call for gun control came during the 1960’s when many famous figures were assassinated. Today Gun Right’s Activist believes we should not infringe on the Second Amendment. While Gun Control Activist believe we should take precautions to protect people from gun violence. The republicans typically are against gun control while democrats are for gun control. Gun control is a hotRead MoreGun Rights Vs. Gun Control856 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is an extremely controversial issue in the United States, and the debates around this topic has started many decades ago. According to the article â€Å"Gun Rights vs. Gun control† by Brianna Gurciullo, these debates are fueled by the people who defend the gun rights and the people who advocate in favor of gun control. It has been difficult to prove that gun ownership is directly related to an increase in violence due to the fact tha t researches tend to disagree on the impact of gun ownershipRead MoreThe Rights Of Gun Control1263 Words   |  6 PagesGun control has been a controversial issue for many years. A vast majority of citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Many innocent people feel they have the right to bear arms for protection, or even just the pleasure of hunting. Americans have a constitutional right to own hand guns and stricter laws and licensing will not affectively save lives. The second amendment states â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the securityRead MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights1099 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper One: Gun Control Vs. Gun Rights Whether you gather your information from the newspaper, radio, or a website, you have certainly been exposed to one of the most controversial, current debates. It seems that the media refuses to stop talking about this topic. In fact, as soon as the press over one event disappears another event seems to revive the debate. Some citizens say that we need more restrictive gun laws. Meanwhile, other Americans say that more guns are what is necessary.Read MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights968 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control vs. Gun Rights With conservatives, liberals, and moderates continuously arguing about what is right for this country or what is morally or politically correct, we are forced to find a compromised middle-ground, because it can be the difference between life and death in many unfortunate cases. Conservatives believe that The Second Amendment allows citizens the right to bear arms and protect their individual, inalienable rights. They believe that there are too many gun control laws and

My Internship With Juvenile Probation - 3214 Words

During the last weeks of Winter break the dread of the spring semester starting, I wondered what my internship with Juvenile Probation was going to be like. Now after an entire semester working with the agency, I know that this is what my career is going to be. The one thing that stuck with me is that all of youth that have found themselves into this system, all get what is being said. But not all of know how to apply the knowledge that was given. Which brought me to the conclusion; all of these youth need our help. Even if they do not take what was provided at that moment in time, you must be there for them once they return to accept it. The youth is the driving force of the future, without the next generation nothing can be done to†¦show more content†¦And that’s what this job is all about.† From that moment on, I was focused on finding ways to help the youth that walk in through the doors of Juvenile Probation. Before this internship I have only had examples and theories I have learned in classes that explained what I must do as a Probation Officer. No one knows what someone is going through other than that person, or if said person informs another on what is going on. After this experience with Juvenile Probation I am now able to understand that everyone is different, and I cannot judge any of the youth that walk in but must extend all of the powers that I can to help. Which is why the problem of the School-to-Prison Pipeline was chosen as my paper topic. Youth all across the United States have been effected by this ongoing problem. The unfair ruling that has taken youth out of school and introduced them to the criminal justice system. It is time to end this horrible policy before it effects anyone else. The implementation of a new system that does not take away these youth’s lives, but instead helps find out what the problems are an work with the youth in correcting it. Moreover, a ll of the Probation Officer that have been interviewed during my course at Juvenile Probation all stated that they cannot relate to these youth. When they cannot relate with the youth on their caseload, empathy becomes the tool that is used. There might be something that is found to

The Vacation to Siem Reap free essay sample

My vacation to Siem Reap is very happy and enjoyable. In the morning, I get up at five o’clock, take a shower, and dress well. At six o’clock, I get on the mini-bus and begin a trip to Siem Reap province with my family, my parents, my elder brother, and my sisters. On the bus, we eat the breakfast, rice with fried chicken, and after having breakfast, we sing a lot of songs, talk about our every life, and play some games on the bus. In the afternoon, we reach Siem Reap province and we have lunch together very peaceful and happily. After we have lunch, we go to a hotel and have a rest until three o’clock. Then we start our vacation in Siem Reap, we go to visit Angkor Wat temple and take a lot of photos such as the photo of me with my family, the photo of me with my brother, the photo of me with my sisters, and the photo of my family; furthermore, we go around to see the perfect views of the temple and buy some anniversaries such as Apsara sculpture and Buddha picture. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vacation to Siem Reap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After visiting Angkor Wat temple, we continue our trip to Bakhaeng Mount to see to the sunset. At there, we really enjoy with the weather and the beautiful views, especially, the sunset view.In the evening, we come back to the hotel, have dinner, talk together about the afternoon trip, and prepare the trip for tomorrow. For dinner, we eat sea food, Khmer food, dessert and drink coca cola; moreover, it is my best dinner time with my family at Siem Reap province. We go to bed early because we have to get up early tomorrow. The next morning, we go to visit the Cultural village, see a lot of performances and enjoyable views. Finally, we go back home at four o’clock in the evening. In conclusion, my vacation to Siem Reap province is full of excited memorable experiences and happiness.

5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes

5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes 5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes 5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes By Mark Nichol Sentential adverbs (words such as indeed or namely and phrases like â€Å"that is† and â€Å"of course†), and their close cousins the conjunctive adverbs, or adverbial conjunctions (however, â€Å"on the other hand,† and the like), indicate an interruption of thought, and should themselves appear as interruptions. Because they are parenthetical remarks (the framing sentence would be complete without them), they should be set off by commas: â€Å"You must, after all, admit that it was a good effort.† If they are employed to indicate a new thought, stronger punctuation is called for: â€Å"They are highly skilled; however, they do not possess the level of knowledge you do.† (In each case, the adverb could also appear at the end of the sentence after a comma.) Often, though, the interruption in sentence structure is somewhere between comma country and semicolon stature: The phrase that begins with the adverb is something more than a dependent clause but not quite an independent clause. In these cases, the linking function of an em dash is appropriate: 1. â€Å"I thank them for putting up with this project with such good sportsmanship, indeed with such exuberance.† The phrase beginning with indeed is tacked on to the basic sentence to provide an additional, loosely related thought. Note the shift with an em dash, and follow the adverb with a comma to mark elision of a repetition of the phrase â€Å"for putting up with†: â€Å"I thank them for putting up with this project with such good sportsmanship indeed, with such exuberance.† 2. â€Å"There is a job to be done, namely educating educators how to effectively teach that wildlife conservation addresses quality of life for everyone.† The phrase that follows â€Å"There is a job to be done† is an explanation of what is meant by that phrase. The traditional marker for explanation is a colon, but an em dash does just as well. Again, set the adverb off with a comma: â€Å"There is a job to be done namely, educating educators how to effectively teach that wildlife conservation addresses quality of life for everyone.† (Without the comma, the sentence seems to refer to â€Å"namely educating educators,† but how do you do something in a namely manner?) 3. â€Å"They may also be judicially voided for being unreasonable, that is, unsupported by the evidence claimed to justify them.† A colon is often employed to set off a sentence from a subsequent clarification, but the adverb and the fact that the clarification is an incomplete sentence justifies use of an em dash here: â€Å"They may also be judicially voided for being unreasonable that is, unsupported by the evidence claimed to justify them.† 4. â€Å"Furthermore, a scientific conclusion is based on the past, i.e. previous studies that lead to present conclusions.† The initials i.e. (an abbreviation for id est, Latin for â€Å"that is†) gives you a clue that this sentence can be treated identically to the previous example. Note, however, that just as you follow â€Å"that is† with a comma, set i.e. (and the similar e.g., which means â€Å"for example†) off from the following phrase: â€Å"Furthermore, a scientific conclusion is based on the past i.e., previous studies that lead to present conclusions.† 5. â€Å"Ethics, on the other hand, is future oriented, that is to say a present choice is based on a future desire, intent, or consequence.† This sentence contains two adverbial phrases: â€Å"on the other hand,† and â€Å"that is to say.† The first one, a simple parenthetical phrase, need not concern us, but the latter is an expanded version of â€Å"that is† and needs the same treatment as the short form: â€Å"Ethics, on the other hand, is future oriented that is to say, a present choice is based on a future desire, intent, or consequence.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartTry to vs. Try andStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive…

When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive†¦ When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive When a Pronoun is the Subject of an Infinitive By Maeve Maddox Ive written several posts about the error of beginning a sentence with an object form of the pronoun. For example: Me and my brother want to get matching tattoos. Her and her husband want to buy a digital camera. The neighbors and us decided In each of these examples, the pronoun is being used as the subject of a verb. Because the pronoun is standing as the subject of the verb, the subject form of the pronoun is called for: My brother and I want to She and her husband want The neighbors and we decided There is, however, a grammatical context in which the object form of a pronoun may correctly stand in front of a verb form. The exception occurs when a pronoun stands in front of an infinitive. Reminder: the infinitive form of the verb is the present form with to in front of it: Ex. to go, to seem, to run, etc. When a pronoun precedes an infinitive, it takes the object form: My mother wants me to learn computer programming. We never expected them to move away. The principal told him and the other boy to go home. Here, taken from the web, are some examples of pronoun errors with the infinitive: They told my friend and I to get up and move. I wanted he and I to watch our kids grow up together My parents expected my brother and I to do well in school. Corrections: They told my friend and me to get up and move. I wanted him and me to watch our kids grow up together My parents expected my brother and me to do well in school. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadAnyone vs. Everyone75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process Case Study

Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process - Case Study Example Brian has been advocating for waterfall approach while Carrie has been advocating for incremental developmental approach. Jane wants to develop a formal systems development process and the two analysts would like implementation of their preferred approaches. Dealing with the two analysts from a technical perspective would require a quantitative approach to understanding their proposed approaches and an evaluation of benefits and limitations of their proposals. This would lead to development of models for quantitative analysis of the two proposed systems and the models compared. The model that offers the highest level of net benefits to the organization and best suits the organization’s scope and resources would then be implemented. A trade off would be necessary between net benefits and the systems’ ability to integrate into the systems but the approach disregards any possible differences between the analysts (Quaddus and Siddique, 2013). Human resource perspectives involve relationships between employees towards a cohesive work environment. The difference in opinion between the two analysts, having existed for a long period, offers a threat to such a cohesive relationship and requires an approach to compromise in selectin g the approach to be implemented. Jane should therefore invite the two analysts for a discussion in which each analyst would explain the reasons for supporting his or her position before a joint evaluation. She would assume a mediator role to help the two analysts agree on the most suitable approach and then implement the approach (Pravin, 2010). Process management solutions do not guarantee success unless factors to their implementations are considered and incorporated in implementation processes. Jane needs to consider such factors and the main considerations should be her organization’s goals and objectives. This is because goals and objectives of a department should be aligned for

Undertake a suitable critical environmental audit for a well known Essay - 2

Undertake a suitable critical environmental audit for a well known Western brand considering entering Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The macro environment refers to the factors in the nation within which the business seeks to operate. Henry (2008) states that macro environmental audit is mainly about the factors that affect entire population of the whole country within which the organisation operates. The main tool for this is PESTEL. Saudi Arabia is a monarchy ruled by a king. The current king, Abdullah bin Abdulaziz was enthroned in August 2005. Ever since he came into power, he has sought to make reforms to a nation that was mainly ran by the Royal family and the religious elite who ruled according to strict Islamic codes and systems (Ramady, 2010). There are reforms that are being made to enable people to take part in governance. Also, the reforms aim to cut down on government interference in the economy. However, due to the central and exemplary role that Saudi Arabia plays in the Arab and Muslim world, the reforms are being practiced at a very slow pace. Governance at all levels are controlled and affected by members of the Royal family (The House of Sauds) and their agents and representatives. Also, the religious elites are very powerful and they have a lot of say in the policies of the nation, which remains for strategic and international purposes, influenced mainly by Sharia. The Saudi economy is based on the export of crude oil. Saudi Arabia’s GDP stood at US$622.5 billion in 2010 (CIA World Factbook). The main authority in charge of the regulation of the financial sector is the Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency, which is the Central Bank. Taxes are collected by the Department of Zakat and Income Tax. Income tax is levied on non-Saudi individuals and entities. Saudi Arabian citizens and entities are normally exempt from taxation. Also, most non-Saudi individual salaries and employment benefits are tax-free (SaudiNet). It is only professional foreigners and foreign investment income that

The deleterious effects, and the risks of GM food Essay Example for Free

The deleterious effects, and the risks of GM food Essay It’s been said that humans are what they eat. The relationship humans have with food is unappreciated. Food is the fuel that keeps humans going, gives them the energy needed to be creative and productive; it is the building block of society, after all, it wasn’t until the Neolithic Era, when humans figured out a way to domesticate plants and animals, that any form of organized society formed. Even during the previous hunter-gatherer foraging era, humans were very connected to the food they ate; understanding where it came and having an idea of how it came to be was crucial to knowing what was vital to survive. In this time, food sources like grains, fruits, and vegetables were naturally abundant, whole. Humans could choose between many different types of nutritious food because there were thousands of varieties of species. Unfortunately, as populations grew and more civilized societies formed, various farming techniques were created, and a vast majority of these species became extinct to make way for the harvesting of a select few (Pringle). In the industrial era, societies around the world, especially western ones, emphasized the importance of technological advancements. With this pursuit of technology, nature became something to control rather than live with; an attempt at making life simpler, better. Breaching the gap between nature and technology is optimization. It is this obsession with optimization that most accurately characterizes contemporary America. Undoubtedly, it comes with great costs. As it turns out, optimization is a business, and a profitable one. Thus, the costs and ef fects of optimization are often hidden from the public by industrial leaders in an effort to maintain profits. They control the businesses they run and protect themselves by dumping millions of dollars into politics. Today, it seems that the gap between nature and technology has been breached with the propagation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The aliens that now fill supermarkets nationwide represent the ultimate disconnect from natural, whole foods necessary for a healthy lifestyle. People are relatively uninformed about GM foods, issues include: their benefits, the testing and safety, the harmful effects they can have on the body and environment, the government’s role as overseer, the labeling controversy, and the â€Å"substantially equivalent† principle; all of these issues are conveniently hidden vitalities in understanding the danger, the deleterious effects, and the risks of GM foods. In tackling these issues, an additional understanding of the historic background of how GMOs came to be is equally important. Advocates for the rapid advance of technology will cite the numerous positive breakthroughs, the internet, healthcare, the numerous inventions; it’s hard to argue with, which is why when addressing GM foods, the emphasis should be placed on the relationship between technology and nature, specifically within the food industry, and how this relationship has become too intimate, to the point where it’s difficult to differentiate between technology and nature. The courtship leading to the marriage between technology and nature is exemplified in Peter Pringle’s book, Food, Inc., in which he discusses the 1960’s Green Revolution, a turning point in agriculture during which producers moved from traditional to monoculture methods of farming. This vastly increased crop yields. But how? Farmers had high yields because they started to use fertilizers and pesticides containing chemicals like nitrogen, left over from World War II explosives. New irrigation systems were introduced and animals replaced some human labor in order to handle the large crop fields and monoculture agriculture provided food relief to starving nations post-war (Pringle). Farmers experienced a rude awakening when yields started to decline due to a number of unforeseen or unaddressed consequences. Although the Green Revolution saved or improved millions of lives during the 1960’s, little consideration was given to the future effects it could have on environmental sustainability. The lack of food plant diversity eventually led to multiple problems, like the mass destruction of crops that had contracted disease or succumbed to pesticide-resistant insects, chemically saturated and overly watered soils, and an inevitable decline in production yields (Pringle). Obviously, the United States needed to find a solution to this problem. By the late 1900s, many scientists and biotechnologists approved and advocated genetic engineering as the most viable solution. This process is best described by Lauren and Robin Ticciati in their book, Genetically Modified Foods: Are They Safe? You Decide. According to the Ticciati’s, scientists planned to take a gene from one completely different organism and insert it into the plant in order to make it yield a desired outcome (Ticciati). The goal was to create food plants that could grow and withstand harsh conditions like pesticides, infertile soil, unfavorable climates, and geographical locations. Despite wariness from skeptical environmentalists about the unknown future effects of genetic food engineering, the companies who profit from this new food technology proclaimed it to be the wave of the future. As the Ticciati’s evidenced, in 1996, when the FDA approved the use of genetically engineered foods with no special label requirements, the GM foods were introduced on grocery market shelves with relatively no consumer awareness. This is just another example of how society is not clueless by choice. If this seems a harsh diagnosis, take into context what Kathleen Hart exemplified in her book, Eating in the Dark; a survey which took place just a couple years after GM foods were released revealed about two-thirds of the American adult population had no idea that supermarkets were carrying such items (Hart). Since then, GMOs have become part of the staple food products in the diets of the everyday consumer. Part of the problem is that nobody is exactly sure how harmful GM foods are, but there is substantial evidence to show that they can have a devastating effect on the economy, the human body, and the environment. In Food, Inc., Pringle discusses the farming method of artificial hybrid breeding which became a huge success in the mid-1900s and attracted a lot of commercial attention, spawning the term â€Å"agribusiness.† Scientists found that by crossing-breeding two varieties [of a species of plant] that had been inbred, [and] fertilized by their own pollen for three or four generations showed a tremendous leap in hybrid vigor, with grain yields up to 50 percent higher [than the natural bred variety] (Pringle). Unfortunately, when naturally crossed in the farmers’ fields, the hybrids strength did not withstand, so farmers had to rely on industry-produced super seeds. An economic boom occurred within the seed and fertilizer industries, with businesses rapidly sprouting up like the crops they helped produce. A few decades later the early warnings of genetic uniformity suddenly became a reality, (Pringle). One alarming discovery was the fact that since only one type of species was being harvested in a given area, if a crop contracted a disease, the entire field was wiped out, which meant no income that season for many farmers (Pringle). The companies who were invested in this new agricultural era and had seen the enormous profit potential in having a hand in controlling the food chain were not going to just quit. They pushed further into science, seeking ways to alter a species genetic make-up in order for it to conform to optimization, instead of considering natural solutions to these problems (Pringle). Today, there are GM super foods that are so genetically modified that they differ starkly from their ancestors. It is a teeter-totter industry; either profits are extremely high (like they have been for so long) or the industry fails and profits cease to exist. The latter doesn’t look like it’s going to occur any time soon because the government is firmly grasped by the biotech food companies that control the GM food industry. The most prominent of these companies, Monsanto, falsely advocates the necessity for GM foods, with the real motive the preservation of profits. Monsanto executive Hugh Grant claims â€Å"they [GM foods] can help feed the world and preserve the environment by reducing the need for pesticides,† (Harvest of Fear). Others advocate the hope that GM technology can save lives, like scientist Charles Arntzen, who is working on GM techniques to make edible vaccines to combat viruses in developing countries, (Harvest of Fear). More recently, companies like AquaBounty Technologies are working to develop genetically engineered animals. AquaBounty’s AquAdvantage salmon has been touted as â€Å"as safe as food from conventional Atlantic salmon,† by the FDA, but is still being met with numerous opposition (Pollack). The salmon â€Å"contain a growth hormone gene from the Chinook salmon and a genetic switch from the ocean pout that turns on an antifreeze gene,† which allows the salmon to make growth hormone in cold weather, whereas they usually produce it only in warm weather,† (Pollack). Genetic manipulation is causing drastic changes in the natural behavior of the organisms it’s implemented on, and it is believed that this could have multiple adverse effects on the environment and society. Those who have similar concerns, these cautious enemies to GM foods, can find strength in recent studies that are beginning to expose the numerous harmful effects of GM foods. In a study done by Gilles-Eric Sà ©ralini at the University of Caen in France, 200 rats were fed either genetically engineered corn or the herbicide Roundup and observed for two years, their entire life cycle and not just the normal ninety day period. It was found that they had an increased risk of developing tumors, suffering organ damage, and dying prematurely (Pollack, GMO Global Alert). Additional animal studies have shown other serious health risks associated with GM food consumption: infertility, immune dysregulation, accelerated aging, and changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and gastrointestinal system (Genetic Roulette). To exemplify how this is portrayed in humans, statistical evidence shows that after 1996, when GMOs increased in the American diet, disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic constipation, gastrointestinal infections, Crohn’s disease, and gastroephageal reflux have all risen dramatically and consistently (Genetic Roulette). Further evidence indicates that GMOs cause food allergies, have increased toxicity, decreased nutritional value, and promote antibiotic resistance (UMN). Not only do GM foods have a great potential for negatively effecting humans, they are harmful to the environment. Companies like Monsanto claim that genetically modifying foods is environmentally friendly, but this has been proven wrong on a multitude of levels. There is lack of nutrients found in soil in which GM crops are planted (Ticciati). These crops hurt the soil and the food chain. The chemicals found in pesticides were not only killing pests but also small animals, especially birds, were also facing extinction (Robbins). Tampering with natural selection creates a domino effect and damages the entire ecosystem. Imposing an unnatural element in the form of GM foods changes the equation and disrupts natural balance, even if things balance out, they will be forever different, even this is dangerous. Although GM foods are responsible for massive crop yields and the increased food supply, the industry is precariously perched given the increasing amount of deleterious effects that are being exposed more and more each day. For this reason, the government needs to take action. This is another dilemma; it is easy to wonder how the government can do anything when it has such close relationships with the companies that all the fingers are being pointed at. The primary antagonist in this story is the company Monsanto, the inventor of saccharin, an artificial sweetener, and many additional products. Monsanto accounts for over two-thirds of genetically engineered soy, corn, and canola crops worldwide (Robbins). Hendrik Verfaillie, Monsantos Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, described the company’s aggressive strategy with, The biggest mistake that anyone can make is moving slowly, because the game is going to be over before you start, (Robbins). It is understandable that a company this big has a profoundly large impact on government rulings regarding its industry. With Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide bringing in billions of dollars, the industry convinced the Supreme Court to allow the patenting of genetically engineered seeds so that the offspring would become the property of the seed manufacturer. In Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment, Luke Anderson exemplifies the impact of this ruling by stressing the profound repercussions it will have on the future of living organisms; This extraordinary decision by the U.S. Supreme Court heralded a new era. Once a shared heritage, the gene pool of plants, animals, and humans was now a commodity waiting to be bought and sold (Anderson). What appears to be mainly a business venture is an extremely important political issue, with companies pouring millions into politics to stay afloat. This is exemplified by the following quote, from the documentary The Future o f Food. Here, director D.K. Garcia focuses on the 2000 Presidential Election and the biotechnology issue: Agricultural biotechnology will find a support occupying the White House next year, regardless of which candidate wins the election in November (Garcia). The Future of Food reveals top ranking officials from the Supreme Court, such as Justice Clarence Thomas who previously represented Monsanto as their Lawyer for Regulatory Affairs, to Donald Rumsfeld, The Secretary of Defense, who was previously the President of Searle, a Monsanto subsidiary. Given their backgrounds, it is difficult to ignore the likelihood that their political stances would not be swayed. Even worse is Linda Fisher, who has switched roles between the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and Monsanto a number of times; she was Monsantos Executive Vice President for nearly a decade and Deputy Administrator for the EPA as well as Commissioner for George Bushs administration (Garcia). It’s frightening that the EPA, which acknowledges and regulates pesticides emitted into the environment, is likely to be biased in regards to the approval of genetically modified organisms into the environment. Needless to say, it’s shocking to see the connections that pose how much of an apparent influence Monsanto and the other leading biotech companies have on government regulations of GMOs. Evidence of this influence is presented in Seeds of Deception, in which Micah Sifry states, the four leaders of the biotech industry Monsanto, Dow, DuPont, and Novartis gave more than $3.5 million in PAC, soft-money, and large individual contributions between 1995 and 2000, three-quarters of it to Republicans (Smith). Stricter guidelines and extensive testing are not required because the companies have such strong political ties that they can influence the policy that is implemented upon them. In 1992, former U.S. Vice President, Dan Quayle, exemplifies this in his speech on behalf of the Council of Competitiveness, We will ensure that biotech products will receive the same oversight as other products, instead of being hampered by unnecessary regulation (Garcia). The FDA approved genetically modified foods with a high sense of hesitant reluctance. Consumers are supposed to rely on the FDA to determine if food is safe for consumption; the agency is supposed to be a protective one. This was a landmark decision for the FDA, a decision which required strong political influence for the agency to decide against its own principles. This is evidenced in The Future of Food; Dan Quayle and the Bush administrat ion appointed Michael Taylor as Deputy Commissioner for Policy, which Andrew Kimbrell divulges in an interview, noting that Taylor was formerly Monsantos Senior Counsel at the King and Spaulding law firm. Taylor instituted a no-regulation policy and left it to the biotech companies to determine whether or not genetically modified food was deemed safe for human consumption (Garcia). As the examples presented indicate, the successful clearance of GM foods has been engineered by companies like Monsanto and politicians, almost as much as the foods themselves. With the FDA swept out of the way, the companies that dominated the biotech industry were free to roam as they pleased, testing at their fingertips. How can the consumers trust Monsanto to act in their best interest, especially when the company’s Director of Corporate Communication, Phil Angell, says things like â€Å"Monsanto should not have to vouchsafe the safety of biotech food. Our interest is in selling as much of it as possible. Assuring its safety is the FDA’s job,† (Robbins). Without extensive testing, which would almost certainly yield new truths about the harmful effects of GM foods, Monsanto can achieve its goal of selling as much as possible while disregarding the consequences this has on society and the environment. Testing is probably the biggest grey area of them all. The FDA has a persona of an overseer and protector, meaning that people generally believe that all food undergoes tests by the FDA to ensure their safety. Unfortunately, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Testing genetically modified foods is dependent on the words of the companies that develop them. According to Consumer Unions Jean Halloran, When a company comes in with data, the FDA looks at it and writes a letter saying, Dear Monsanto, you supplied information regarding the safety of corn variety X and we are confident about what youve shown, It is your responsibility, (CBS). The FDA is in a difficult position. It is presented with its initial objective of protecting the American people but now, with biotechnology and GM foods, it is faced with a decision of whether or not to promote the biotech industry. The FDA regulates GM foods as part of the â€Å"coordinated framework† of federal agencies that also includes the EPA and the United States Department of Agriculture (Bashshur). The problem is that this framework has been the subject of critical analysis and calls for redesign; it is outdated, with the FDA policy unchanged since 1992. It is available online and contains a searchable database that covers â€Å"genetically engineered crop plants intended for food or feed that have completed all recommended or required reviews,† (Bashshur). The policy places responsibility on the producer or manufacturer to assure the safety of the food, explicitly relying on the producer or manufacturer to do so: â€Å"Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the producer of a new food to evaluate the safety of the food and assure that the safety requirement of section 402(a)(1) of the act is met,† (Bashshur). It is also this policy that establishes that the â€Å"substantially equivalent† concept, with which the FDA judges most GM crops as â€Å"substantially equivalent† to non-GM crops. In these cases, GM crops are â€Å"designated as â€Å"Gener ally Recognized as Safe† under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) and do not require pre-market approval,† (Federation of American Scientists). Although these products are described as substantially equivalent, their manufacturers stress that they are different so that they can patent them and continue to profit. In this situation, the consumer must take the producer’s angle. Their products are dramatically different; their genetic composition is very different in comparison with that of their ancestral forms. In deciding whether or not to ingest these products, the consumer must realize that if the companies that produce them stress they are dramatically different, and there is minimal testing done on them, these GM food products could be extremely dangerous. Currently, there is no regulatory scheme requiring GM foods to be tested to see if it is safe for humans to eat or not. FDA guidance to the industry issued in 1997 covered voluntary â€Å"cons ultation procedures,† but â€Å"still relied on the developer of the product to provide safety data,† (Bashshur). There are numerous pieces of evidence that indicate that GM food testing is completely unregulated. The FDA’s policy is outdated and weak, â€Å"substantially equivalent† cannot be justified when such a small level of testing has been done. The fact that this policy has remained unchanged for two decades is staggering; there’s probably a lot of money keeping it that way. In tackling what Ramona Bashshur describes as the FDA’s â€Å"dual mission,† rational thought is vital. Although the FDA cannot ignore the opportunity to make scientific advances with the potential to better society, it must reflect on its original role, as a protector. While scientific advances with GMOs are rapidly continuing, there hasn’t been enough testing on them to determine how dangerous they are. If testing was done and the foods proved safe , which they probably wouldn’t, there would be nothing wrong with promoting it. In the meantime, as more and more harmful aspects of GM foods come to the surface, it would be smart for the FDA to revise its policy, improve the extent of testing done on these foods, so that America can move forward in science with the assurance that it won’t hurt its citizens. This is a difficult task; there is so much political influence on the industry that it may never occur. If the policy for testing cannot be amended, there is action that can be taken that could have a similar outcome. Specialized labeling for GM foods would set them apart from normal foods and make it easier for consumers to make healthy choices. In the United States, they aren’t labeled, while in Europe, Russia, China, and other countries, they are. This is an extremely popular movement in the United States. An example is California’s Proposition 37, which would’ve required â€Å"labeling on raw or processed food offered for sale to consumers if made from plants or animals with genetic material changed in specified ways.† And it would prohibit marketing â€Å"such food, or other processed food, as ‘natural,’† (Bittman). The numbers don’t lie; people supported Proposition 37; roughly 65% for to 20% against, with 15% undecided. From a national perspective on the labeling issue, 91% of voters believe that the FDA should require that â€Å"foods which have been genetically engineered or containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled to indicate that,† (Bittman). With these numbers as a reference for the support that Proposition 37 had, it’s hard to believe that it was struck down. Again, this is an instance of money having the loudest voice in the room. Money flew in from both sides, but the food companies that stood to lose in the situation, like Monsanto and The Hershey Co., contributed to what was â€Å"eventually a $44 million windfall for No on Prop 37, while proponents were only able to raise $7.3 million,† (Almendrala). According to MapLight, an organization that tracks campaign contributions, biotech companies amassed $46 million to defeat the measure, with Monsanto contributing $8.1 million and Kraft Foods, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola each contributing at least $1.7 million (Pollack). In contrast, those who backed Proposition 37 were only able to contribute $9.2 million; money made the difference. Proposition 37 was close, garnering 47% of the vote, with campaigns like the online based â€Å"Just Label It† collecting signatures and comments on a petition to the FDA, requesting rules â€Å"similar to those in the European Union, Japan, China, India and Australia, stating what transgenic food is in the package,† (Moskin). The biggest thing about Proposition 37 is that it had national implications; it wasn’t just California that the food conglomerates were worried about. If it passed, it could’ve been the beginning of a national labeling revolution, potentially the beginning of an even greater revolution. Throughout history, organisms have developed through a recurrence of genetic mutations that have naturally selected the organisms that are most fit for survival. The rise of GMOs can be viewed through the same lens. GMOs arose from the conditions following the monoculture agricultural shift in the 1960’s Green Revolution. The key here is that they are not natural. The â€Å"mutations† that have aided the rise of GMOs are manmade, manufactured, and abnormal. GMOs are a result of the American obsession with optimization, which manifests itself in technology. After World War II and throughout the Green Revolution, America sought numerous technological advancements as it relished its role as a world power. With GMOs, America breached the gap between technology and nature in an effort to optimize food. Companies like Monsanto, with their growing number of political connections, began using their funds to pave the way for GMOs to become and remain a staple contingent of the American diet. Today, GM foods are still privately and minimally tested and they remain unlabeled in the United States. While the FDA stands by its outdated 1992 policy, claiming that GM foods are â€Å"substantially equivalent,† the producers stress that they are different in an effort to obtain patents. America cannot trust the sources it looks to for accurate information because there has been little testing but there is hope on the horizon after California nearly passed a law forcing GM foods to be labeled. As concerned parties seek an answer, they must first look towards labeling these foods, sparking a chain reaction that causes uninformed consumers to ask questions like, â€Å"Why are these foods specially labeled?† and â€Å"What makes these foods different?† Labeling could prove to be the beginning of a further revolution to enhance regulation of GM foods. This revolution, though currently nonexistent, must occur before this problem mutates even further, before not just the American people, but the entire world, reaps the consequences for playing the role of Creator. Anderson, L. (1999). Genetic engineering, food, and our environment. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. Clark, E. A. Lehman, H. (2001). Assessment of GM crops in commercial agriculture. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 14 (1), 3-28. Retrieved October 26, 2006, from ProQuest Research Library. Guidance for industry: Voluntary labeling indicating whether foods have or have not Been developed using bioengineering. (2001) Retrieved November 8, 2006, from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/biolabgu.html. Garcia, D. K. (Director, Producer, Writer). (2004). The future of food. [DVD]. Mill Valley: Lily Films. Hart, K. (2002). Eating in the dark. New York: Pantheon Books. Pascalev, A. (2003). You are what you eat: genetically modified foods, integrity, and society. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 16 (1), 583-594. Retrieved October 29, 2006, from ProQuest Research Library. Pringle, P. (2003). Food inc. New York: Simon Schuster. Robbins, J. (2001). The food revolution: How your diet can help save your life and the world. Berkeley: Conari Press. Smith. J. (2003). Seeds of deception. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. Ticciati, L. Ticciati, R. (1998). Genetically engineered foods. Are they safe? You decide. New Canaan: Keats Publishing. http://documentarylovers.com/genetic-roulette-gamble-our-lives/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njd0RugGjAgfeature=related http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/22/business/gene-altered-fish-moves-closer-to-federal-approval.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/dining/a-suit-airs-debate-on-organic-vs-modified-crops.html http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/g-m-o-s-lets-label-em/?_r=0 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/business/energy-environment/21salmon.html http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/04/health/policy/04salmon.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/business/california-bid-to-label-genetically-modified-crops.html http://www.nongmoproject.org/learn-more/ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/business/energy-environment/disputed-study-links-modified-corn-to-greater-health-risks.html?_r=0 http://enhs.umn.edu/current/5103/gm/harmful.html http://www.cbsnews.com/2300-204_162-10004920-2.html http://www.americanbar.org/content/newsletter/publications/aba_health_esource_home/aba_health_law_esource_1302_bashshur.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/07/prop-37-defeated-californ_n_2088402.html http://www.fas.org/biosecurity/education/dualuse-agriculture/2.-agricultural-biotechnology/us-regulation-of-genetically-engineered-crops.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njd0RugGjAgfeature=related

The Irreconcilable Donkeys and Elephants Essay --

The amber waves of grain sway in the wind. Majestic purple mountains rise like waves in the distance. The air is peaceful. The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution were the calm before the storm. Since the nineteenth century the two main political parties have been represented by the wrinkled elephant, and the furry donkey. Since the brawl began, it has never ceased. Is it a fight worth fighting? The elephants trunk crashes on the ass’s disproportionate head. With a kick, the donkey springs backwards as the large beast crumples in agony. If I lived in the 1800s, near or far from the amber waves of grain, I would be neither a Republican or a Federalist. The Republicans and Federalists have too conflictual objectives to make peace. The ring of peace is a crucial goal for democracy. The bell of peace and liberty has ceased to ring, therefore I refuse to commit myself to a Federalist or Republican party. The battle will rage eternally. On September 17, 1787, when the Constitution was adopted immediately strife arose. The Republicans and Federalists disagreed about what power the Constitution should have, and how to interpret it. Alexander Hamilton believed in a strong federal government, he was a Federalist. Controversially, Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, demanded a small local government. In this scenario, I regard both varieties of government strength being equally necessary. Jefferson had a narrow interpretation the Constitution, and Hamilton interpreted with a broad meaning of every word. He argued that the Constitution created a government to solve national problems. Although, he only wanted to give power to federal government. (Center for Civic Education.) The Republicans and Federalists views clashed on how much c... ...ts will fight beyond the death. Tails will whip, and stripes will blow away in turmoil. Stars just might fall from the sky, too. If I lived in 1800s, I wouldn’t be a Republican or a Federalist. Two parties that just couldn’t agree, I find hard to trust or take part in. The new generation of elephants and donkeys has the same problem. It is ingrained into the genetics of government. Even with the disgust, monotonous fighting, and tension between political parties we all fight for pursuing happiness. An â€Å"inalienable right†, as spoken by John Locke. There is yet another thing the elephants and donkeys agree on: where they fight is a pretty amazing culture and place. America has billions of flaws, but we’re doing a lot of things right, too. Everyone’s too caught up in conflicts to appreciate the amber waves of grain, the fruited plains, and the shining seas.

Monopoly power is not automatically bad as long as it is regulated Essay

Monopoly power occurs when a business is a dominant seller of a good or service with a market share that exceeds 25%. There are many disadvantages for societies where monopolies exist. A higher price than those in competitive markets is one of the main disadvantages for society. As monopolies are the main seller of goods and services in the market they can use their market power in order to raise the prices well above the marginal cost and thus make supernormal profits. As their prices are set so high and people have little other choice than to pay for them this reduces the amount of consumer surplus income. Green area = supernormal profit (AR-AC) Pink area = Deadweight welfare loss (the combined loss of producer and consumer surplus) compared to a competitive market. This would be bad for the economy as people would have less disposable income than they would otherwise have had if the good/service was at a cheap price, so cannot spend as much in other aspects of the economy. Another disadvantage of monopoly is that there are fewer incentives to be efficient. If it is protected by high barriers to entry (meaning there are a few or no competitors in their market), the business may become complacent and thus operate less efficiently that it could. In this instance it is also possible for diseconomies of scale to occur. For example if the business did become complacent and chose not to bother to invest in technology to improve its efficiency it could suffer from technical diseconomies of scale as with new equipment/machinery, goods can be produced at cheaper and more effective levels. The monopoly may also choose to deliberately erect barriers of entry into the market to ensure that they do not lose market share. This is bad for small businesses in the economy as it gives them little opportunity to grow and compete with such large companies as they may purposefully decide to lower their prices so that consumers choose to go the monopoly instead of the small business. As small businesses are unable to compete with the  monopoly this would mean that there is a rise in unemployment. Increased levels of unemployment bring many negatives to the economy as the government will have to pay out more benefits meaning they have less money to spend on public and merit goods. As there would be more people out of work, they also do not have as much disposable income to spend on goods and services. As consumer spending is a key component of aggregate demand, this could reduce its levels and as a result bring down the GDP for the economy. However, monopolies aren’t necessarily bad; they can be advantageous in some aspects of the UK economy. Although they can achieve supernormal profits through having higher prices, this can then be used to invest in research and development to further their business, or protect it if it does badly. This will also lead to the creation of employment. More people employed will mean fewer benefits have to be paid out and the government can spend this money saved on improving the country. Another advantage of a monopoly is that they can achieve economies of scale (purchasing large quantities of materials for a cheaper price) as they are such a large business. Increased output (Q to Q2) will lead to a decrease in average costs of production(C to C1) and these savings can be passed on to consumers in the form of lower prices. UK firms may have to be of a larger size if they want to compete on an international basis. To become large enough to compete in the international market a business is likely to need to become a monopoly if they are to stand a chance with competing with many other firms in different countries. Providing that monopoly power is regulated so that it is not abused to exploit consumers and purposefully make it difficult for new firms to enter the market, they are not necessarily bad. After all, firms grow by satisfying customers and companies that are monopolies wouldn’t be the size they are if they didn’t have satisfied customers. They provide many jobs within the economy and lots of revenue that can be invested elsewhere in the economy as well as being able to increase the GDP of a country.

Internal And Dispute Resolution Procedures - 1157 Words

Introduction Supply chain relationships are one of the most important topics that have a drastic impact on performance. Supply chain relationship is a crucial aspect in Supply Chain Management. Thus, ensuring having a strong relationship with key suppliers and distributors can guarantee the proper coordination of activities to successfully develop business decisions. Different of interest, misunderstandings, etc. are usually common issues when dealing within international negotiations. In Lucid-Black Box case, is evident that exist several conflicts that could be addressed by using SCR practices such as finding sources of conflict and dispute resolution procedures. Proper solutions of how to deal with the current situation will be also provided giving some insights of how develop trust-based relationships. Summary Lucid is a South American distributor of home entertaining goods. Black Box is manufacturer based on US looking for expanding its horizons in South America. Both companies agree upon an exclusive contract to serve the Latin American market under certain conditions of quantity, geographic distributions, and technology updates. Black Box started its relationship with Lucid in the worst way, delivering the first shipment several months after the due date. Couple with this, Black Box also breached the exclusivity contract with Lucid by having different distributors offering its products. For all the reasons aforementioned, Lucid could not complete theShow MoreRelatedDispute Resolution Rules And Procedures1510 Words   |  7 Pages ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CAREER EDUCATION DISPUTE RESOLUTION RULES AND PROCEDURES SUBJECT: Grievance and Dispute Resolution Rules APPLICABILITY: All Positions NOT identified on APPENDIX B listing  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬______________________________________________________________________________ I. 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